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Improving Equitable Access to Antenatal Care in China: Challenges and Potential Innovative Approaches
Yue Dai1, Xinrui Shi1,2, Owais Tariq3
1School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
China CDC Weekly
|April 10, 2026
Summary
China faces persistent urban-rural disparities in antenatal care (ANC) access, hindering its health goals. An integrated spatial-technology-institutional strategy is proposed to overcome barriers and ensure equitable maternal healthcare for all women.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Healthcare Policy
- Maternal Health
Background:
- Equitable antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for China's 'Healthy China 2030' and universal health coverage (UHC).
- Significant urban-rural and regional disparities in ANC access persist, impacting vulnerable populations.
- Barriers include financial, geographic, institutional, and digital factors, exacerbated by the hukou system and resource maldistribution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the current landscape of ANC in China and identify structural challenges to equitable access.
- To propose an integrated strategy to address deeply rooted inequities in maternal healthcare delivery.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the current ANC landscape in China.
- Examination of structural challenges including the hukou system, digital divide, and resource allocation.
- Proposal of a 'spatial-technology-institutional' strategy.
Main Results:
- Piecemeal interventions are insufficient to overcome existing inequities in ANC access.
- A coordinated strategy is needed to address financial, geographic, institutional, and digital barriers.
- The proposed strategy integrates healthcare delivery, geospatial tools, digital ecosystems, and workforce incentives.
Conclusions:
- An integrated 'spatial-technology-institutional' approach can systematically dismantle geographic inequities in maternal health.
- Implementing this strategy will ensure equitable ANC access for all women in China.
- Synergistic innovations across healthcare delivery, technology, and institutional support are key to achieving health equity.
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