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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

55
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
55
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 11, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Findings from a Case-Control Study in Vietnam.

Gia Anh Pham1, Vu Khanh An Le1, Thi Hai Yen Pham2

  • 1Viet Duc University Hospital, Vietnam.

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|April 10, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified key non-viral risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Vietnam, including age, sex, diabetes, and specific blood markers. These findings highlight crucial areas for HCC prevention and management in the region.

Keywords:
MASLDRisk factorsVietnamalcohol drinkinghepatocellular carcinomasmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant global health burden, particularly in Vietnam.
  • While hepatitis B is a known risk factor, non-viral factors for HCC remain underexplored in this region.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap by investigating non-viral risk factors in a Vietnamese population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify the association between non-viral factors and HCC risk in Vietnam.
  • To provide evidence for targeted prevention and early detection strategies for HCC.
  • To contribute to understanding HCC etiology in low- and middle-income countries.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam.
  • 30 histopathologically confirmed HCC cases and 118 healthy controls were recruited.
  • Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Age, male sex, diabetes, elevated INR, AST, GGT, and lower albumin and HDL levels were significantly associated with increased HCC risk.
  • Specific thresholds for AST, ALT, FIB-4 score, and total bilirubin also correlated with higher HCC risk.
  • Factors like BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain non-invasive fibrosis scores were not found to be significant risk factors in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides novel evidence of significant non-viral risk factors for HCC in Vietnam.
  • Findings underscore the importance of considering metabolic and biochemical markers in HCC risk assessment.
  • The results can inform public health initiatives and clinical practice for HCC prevention and control in the region.