Preparedness for small modular reactors: an analysis of key actors in Sweden

Area of Science:

• Nuclear Engineering
• Risk Management
• Public Policy

Background:

• Small modular reactors (SMRs) are proposed for future fossil-free energy systems.
• SMRs may introduce novel risks and involve diverse stakeholders compared to traditional nuclear power plants.
• Sweden's energy policy shift favors expanded nuclear energy, including potential SMR deployment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate how key Swedish actors perceive SMRs.
• To understand their interpretation of roles in radiation emergency preparedness for SMRs.
• To identify gaps in preparedness culture for emerging nuclear technologies.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative study utilizing in-depth interviews.
• Involved actors engaged in emergency preparedness for potential SMR deployment in Sweden.
• Analysis focused on understanding perspectives and preparedness strategies.

Main Results:

• General expectations for SMRs are high, with benefits frequently overshadowing radiation risk considerations.
• Newcomer actors view emergency preparedness as a later-stage issue, not integral to early planning.
• Experienced actors perceive SMRs as posing no significant new challenges to existing radiation risk preparedness.
• A cohesive preparedness culture, marked by early cross-organizational engagement and systematic integration, is not yet evident.

Conclusions:

• Current approaches to SMR emergency preparedness in Sweden exhibit significant gaps.
• Early and systematic integration of preparedness across organizational boundaries is crucial.
• Continued attention is needed as SMR initiatives progress to ensure robust safety and security frameworks.