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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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Orbital angular momentum-based spatial encryption using polarization-sensitive metasurfaces.

Ali Mohammad Obaei1, Mohammad Javad Hajiahmadi2, Mohammad Soleimani1

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 1684613114, Iran.

Scientific Reports
|April 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel metasurface hardware encryption system that uses light polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for secure data transmission. The hybrid approach enhances optical data security against advanced computing threats.

Keywords:
EncryptionMetasurfaceOrbital angular momentumPolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Information Security
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Software encryption faces challenges from high-speed computing and quantum systems.
  • Hardware-based encryption offers enhanced security by utilizing physical properties.
  • Metasurfaces provide a platform for advanced optical functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a metasurface-based hardware encryption system for secure data transmission.
  • To leverage polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for multi-channel encryption.
  • To integrate the system with double random phase encryption (DRPE) for a hybrid strategy.

Main Methods:

  • A metasurface device was designed to manipulate polarization and OAM.
  • The system utilized three distinct channels with specific polarization and OAM encoding.
  • Slant polarization was introduced for controlled OAM superposition weighting.
  • The metasurface system was combined with the DRPE method.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrated simultaneous polarization and OAM encoding across three channels.
  • Tailored OAM superposition modes were achieved for different output polarizations.
  • A hybrid encryption strategy combining spatial, polarization, and OAM was formed.
  • Secure image and video transmission scenarios were successfully investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Metasurface-based hardware encryption offers enhanced security for optical data transmission.
  • The system provides dynamic, high-capacity, and secure encryption capabilities.
  • This approach represents a significant advancement in hardware security solutions.