[Modern molecular diagnostics]

Conventional culturing remains central to clinical microbiology, but matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight and modern molecular diagnostics have revolutionised the field by enabling rapid, precise species identification. However, molecular methods remain costly, detect only predefined organisms, and provide only partial resistance information. Denmark has a low level of resistance to microbes, potentially reflecting in part the close collaboration with clinicians and the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics when possible. Increasing diagnostic complexity highlights the need for stewardship to guide test use, ensure targeted therapy, and sustain infection control.