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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Employing Pressurized Hot Water Extraction PHWE to Explore Natural Products Chemistry in the Undergraduate Laboratory
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Optimization of imperatorin extraction from Qianliexin Capsules using deep eutectic solvent.

Cejia Liu1, Hezheng Bai2, Jianxiang Liu2

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.

Chinese Herbal Medicines
|April 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) method for efficient extraction of imperatorin (IMP) from Qianliexin Capsules (QLX). The optimized process achieved high IMP yields and demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, offering a novel approach for QLX active ingredient extraction.

Keywords:
Qianliexin Capsulesantioxidant capacitydeep eutectic solventimperatorinliquid–solid extractionresponse surface method

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Green Chemistry
  • Pharmacognosy

Background:

  • Qianliexin Capsules (QLX) show therapeutic promise for prostate diseases.
  • Imperatorin (IMP) is the primary bioactive compound in QLX.
  • Efficient and environmentally friendly extraction of IMP is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an eco-friendly extraction process for IMP from QLX.
  • To optimize extraction conditions using deep eutectic solvents (DES).
  • To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the IMP extract.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic design and application of nine DES for IMP extraction.
  • Quantitative determination of IMP yield via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • Optimization using single-factor experiments and Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
  • Evaluation of antioxidant activity using in vitro assays.
  • Mechanism verification using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • Optimal conditions yielded 534.19 mg/g of IMP, demonstrating high extraction efficiency.
  • The DES extract of QLX exhibited significant in vitro antioxidant activity.
  • Spectral analysis confirmed DES synthesis, and SEM showed structural disruption of QLX facilitating IMP release.

Conclusions:

  • An efficient and environmentally friendly DES-based extraction process for IMP from QLX was successfully established.
  • This method shows significant application potential for extracting QLX active ingredients.
  • The study provides a novel research direction for QLX component extraction.