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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

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Tetanus Surveillance - United States, 2009-2023.

Michelle M Hughes, Avnika B Amin, Amy B Rubis

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002)

|April 14, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Tetanus remains a vaccine-preventable threat in the US, with cases occurring in all age groups. Vaccination gaps persist, especially among unvaccinated populations, highlighting the need for continued public health efforts to prevent this serious disease.

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Published on: February 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases
Vaccinology

Background:

Tetanus is a serious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by Clostridium tetani toxin.
Despite immunization, tetanus cases persist, particularly in unvaccinated individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze national surveillance data for tetanus cases in the United States from 2009-2023.
To identify trends in incidence, demographics, vaccination status, and outcomes.

Main Methods:

Utilized the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) for case identification.
Collected data on vaccination history, wound details, medical care, and clinical course.
Analyzed reported cases from 47 states and the District of Columbia.

Main Results:

Reported 402 tetanus cases and 37 deaths between 2009-2023.
Males had higher incidence overall, but women aged ≥80 years had the highest incidence (0.27 per million).
43.9% of individuals with known vaccination history were unvaccinated; case-fatality rate was 12.4%, highest in older adults.

Conclusions:

Tetanus continues to occur in the US despite being preventable.
Significant vaccination gaps exist, contributing to ongoing cases and deaths.
Enhanced vaccination strategies and wound care are crucial for tetanus prevention.