In Vitro Storage Techniques for Orchids Conservation: A Review

In vitro culture supports the ex situ maintenance of the Orchidaceae family, which is valuable for its ecological and economic roles. Due to over-extraction and habitat destruction, it is essential to develop preservation strategies to maintain a germplasm reservoir. Two main approaches are currently applied: slow-growth techniques that alter culture conditions for short-term storage, and low-temperature and cryogenic methods aimed at long-term storage. This review presents the application of in vitro storage techniques for orchid conservation. It discusses 53 studies concerning explants, culture media, slow growth, protocorms, synthetic seeds, cryopreservation, plant regeneration, and genetic stability.