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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Dual Ionic-Electronic Conduction Engineering Unlocks High-Rate Kinetics in Long-Cycling Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 Cathodes.

Boying Zheng1, Hao Wang1, Qimeng Zhang2

  • 1Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Papermaking and Paper-Based Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|April 20, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces a novel porous cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, overcoming synthesis issues and improving ion transport for enhanced performance and stability.

Keywords:
Na3 site activationdual strategypolyanionic cathodessodium‐ion batteriesstructural design

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
  • Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP) shows potential as an SIB cathode but faces challenges like inactive phase formation, low conductivity, and slow ion transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance NFPP-based cathode material for SIBs.
  • To address limitations of NFPP through structural engineering and chemical modification.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a cheese-like porous NFPP framework.
  • Incorporation of Cr3+ dopant into the NFPP structure.
  • Electrochemical characterization including cycling stability and rate capability tests.

Main Results:

  • The porous structure enhances ionic and electronic conductivity, shortening diffusion paths.
  • Cr3+ doping accelerates charge transfer and reduces the Na+ migration barrier.
  • Achieved a reversible capacity of 117.9 mAh g-1 at 0.1C with 90.7% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 20C.

Conclusions:

  • The developed porous, Cr3+-doped NFPP cathode demonstrates superior electrochemical performance and stability for SIBs.
  • Structural and chemical modifications are effective strategies for designing advanced cathode materials.