Proton-based stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy

Area of Science:

• Radiation Oncology
• Medical Physics
• Clinical Proton Therapy

Background:

• Proton beam radiation therapy offers superior dose distribution compared to photon therapy, enabling better normal tissue sparing and dose escalation.
• Advancements in proton delivery and imaging systems facilitate the integration of proton therapy into stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce fundamental and novel technologies employed in stereotactic body proton therapy (SBPT).
• To summarize the current implementation status of SBPT for treating central nervous system (CNS), lung, and liver tumors.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and technological advancements in proton beam delivery and imaging guidance.
• Analysis of current clinical applications and outcomes of SBPT in treating specific tumor sites (CNS, lung, liver).

Main Results:

• SBPT demonstrates safety and efficacy in treating CNS, lung, and liver tumors, leveraging proton therapy's unique physical properties.
• Key challenges remain, including proton range uncertainty, radiobiological modeling, and inter-fractional motion management.

Conclusions:

• SBPT shows promise for advanced cancer treatment, but large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate long-term outcomes.
• Development of consensus guidelines and improved insurance coverage are crucial for broader clinical adoption and ensuring treatment quality.