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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

ADHD symptom trajectories and brain morphometry: A longitudinal analysis.

Aylin Mehren, Jill Kessen, Aleksandra M Sobolewska

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences

|April 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

ADHD symptom improvement in adulthood is linked to ongoing brain structural changes, particularly in cortical surface area and thickness. This suggests neural refinement accompanies behavioral improvements during the transition to adulthood.

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Last Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Published on: September 12, 2011

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Psychiatry

Background:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms often decrease into adulthood, but the neurobiological underpinnings are not fully understood.
Altered brain maturation and neural reorganization are implicated in ADHD, yet their relationship with symptom trajectories requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between grey matter development and ADHD symptom trajectories from childhood into adulthood.
To examine how structural brain changes correlate with the progression or improvement of ADHD symptoms over time.

Main Methods:

Analysis of longitudinal data from the Dutch NeuroIMAGE cohort, including ADHD symptom scores and structural MRI scans.
Utilized General Linear Models with permutation-based inference to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ADHD symptoms and brain morphometry (cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volumes).

Main Results:

Cross-sectionally, higher ADHD symptoms correlated with reduced surface area (especially frontal cortex) and smaller volumes (cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus).
Longitudinally, symptom improvement was associated with greater reductions in surface area (prefrontal, occipital) and increased cortical thinning.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest a link between ADHD symptom trajectories and structural brain changes.
Clinical improvement in ADHD behaviors may coincide with ongoing neural refinement during the transition to adulthood.