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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment
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Three-Dimensional Change of Molar Position During Alignment and Leveling With PASS and MBT: A Randomized Controlled

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  • 1First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100034, China, bjmu.edu.cn.

International Journal of Dentistry
|April 20, 2026
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Summary

The physiologic anchorage spee-wire system (PASS) better preserves maxillary anchorage than the Mclaughlin-Bennet-Trevici (MBT) system during early orthodontic treatment. PASS minimizes unwanted molar movement and tipping, crucial for effective anchorage control.

Keywords:
MBTPASSRCTalignment and levelingmolar anchorage

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Biomaterials
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Straight wire appliance (SWA) with nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires simplifies orthodontics but can cause unintended maxillary molar mesialization and anchorage loss.
  • Engaging fine NiTi wires in molar buccal tubes with forward tipping can lead to early anchorage issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the maxillary anchorage preservation capabilities of the physiologic anchorage spee-wire system (PASS) versus the Mclaughlin-Bennet-Trevici (MBT) system.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of PASS in controlling molar movement during the alignment and leveling stages of orthodontic treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center, two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial involving 64 patients with Angle Class I or II malocclusion requiring maxillary first premolar extraction.
  • Two bracket systems, PASS and MBT, were employed. Digital dental models were captured at pre-treatment, 3 months, and 6 months.
  • Superimposition of models assessed maxillary first molar, canine, and central incisor movements.

Main Results:

  • During the initial 6 months, maxillary first molars in the PASS group showed distal tipping and movement, while the MBT group exhibited mesial tipping and movement.
  • The PASS group had a significantly smaller increase in inter-canine width compared to the MBT group.
  • No other significant differences were observed between the two systems.

Conclusions:

  • The PASS system demonstrates superior maxillary anchorage control compared to the MBT system during the alignment and leveling phase.
  • PASS provides enhanced physiological anchorage control in early orthodontic treatment stages without requiring auxiliary appliances.