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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease causing immune complex-mediated angiopathy.
  • SLE affects small blood vessels, including those in the retina.
  • Assessing retinal microvasculature may offer insights into SLE activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze retinal vasculature in patients with SLE using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
  • To quantitatively assess vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP/DCP) of SLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving patients with SLE and healthy controls (HC).
  • Macular OCTA imaging (6x6 and 3x3 mm) was performed.
  • En face images of SCP/DCP were analyzed for VD and VLD using established methods.

Main Results:

  • 25 SLE patients and 66 HC (80 eyes) were included.
  • SLE patients showed statistically significant reductions in VD (SCP/DCP) and VLD (SCP) compared to HC (p < 0.05).
  • Mean VD of SCP in SLE was 0.34±0.02 vs 0.36±0.03 in HC; VLD of SCP was 17.08±1.58 mm⁻¹ vs 17.50±1.97 mm⁻¹ in HC.

Conclusions:

  • Swept-source OCTA can quantitatively demonstrate reduced retinal microvascular density in SLE patients.
  • Reduced capillary networks in SCP/DCP suggest a link to SLE disease status.
  • Future longitudinal studies using OCTA metrics could evaluate SLE progression and severity.