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Slow Progress Under Brazil's Native Vegetation Protection Law in the Southeastern Amazon.
Hellen Kezia Almada1,2,3, Rosane Barbosa Lopes Cavalcante4, Pedro M Walfir Souza-Filho5
1Instituto Tecnológico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, Belém, PA, Brazil. hellenkezia@gmail.com.
Environmental Management
|April 21, 2026
Summary
Brazil
Area of Science:
- Environmental Law and Policy
- Amazonian Ecology
- Conservation Science
Background:
- Limited evaluation of legal environmental protection effectiveness on private properties in Brazil.
- Pará, the Amazon state with the highest deforestation, has slow progress in vegetation restoration and protection.
- Native Vegetation Protection Law (LPVN) implementation and compensation potential in the Itacaiúnas River Basin (BHRI) are assessed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update the implementation progress of the Native Vegetation Protection Law (LPVN) in the Itacaiúnas River Basin.
- To evaluate the compensation potential for Legal Reserve (RL) deficits under the LPVN.
- To identify challenges and suggest improvements for environmental regularization in Brazil's Amazon region.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Legal Reserve (RL) and Permanent Preservation Area (APP) deficits and surpluses in the Itacaiúnas River Basin (BHRI) using 2021 data.
- Assessment of the progress in restoration and compensation for medium and large properties against 2008 deficits.
- Review of the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) implementation in Pará.
Main Results:
- In 2021, the BHRI had a total RL deficit of 413 km², with 55% potentially addressable through compensation using available surplus land within the basin.
- Despite nearly 15 years of the LPVN, only half of the 2008 RL deficit and 25% of the 2008 APP deficit were addressed by 2021.
- Ongoing deforestation in RL and APPs, particularly on settlements and small properties, indicates insufficient implementation of environmental regulations.
Conclusions:
- Progress in halting deforestation and restoring vegetation under the LPVN in the Itacaiúnas River Basin remains slow.
- Significant challenges persist in the implementation of the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) in Pará, despite advancements in rural environmental registration (CAR).
- Effective environmental compliance requires coordinated efforts, stronger enforcement, and innovative approaches like agroforestry to align conservation with economic interests.
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