[Research progress on the role of MST1 kinase in mast cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions]

Hypersensitivity reactions refer to immune responses characterized by an increased sensitivity upon re-exposure to the same antigen after initial sensitization. Among them, the hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mast cells is classified as type I hypersensitivity. Mast cells, which are widely distributed in the connective tissues and mucosal layers of various organs throughout the body, serve as key effector cells in type I hypersensitivity reactions. During this process, when mast cells encounter specific allergenic proteins again, IgE molecules bound to their surface cross-link with the allergens, triggering cell activation and degranulation. This leads to the release of histamine, cytokines, chemokines, as well as newly synthesized arachidonic acid metabolites and various proteins that regulate the type I hypersensitivity response. Macrophage stimulating factor 1 (MST1) plays multiple crucial roles in cellular biology, including the regulation of cell migration, apoptosis, proliferation, metabolism, and cytoskeletal dynamics. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of MST1 kinase and its influence on type I hypersensitivity, aiming to provide new insights into the mechanisms and prevention strategies of allergic diseases.