Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Following Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: The Role of Aortic Stenosis

The coexistence of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis (AS) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Limited data exists on outcomes following mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) therapy in this patient population.

This study is aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes following M-TEER in patients with mild-to-modearte AS compared with those without aortic stenosis.

A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 238 patients who underwent M-TEER therapy between January 2014 and December 2024. Patients with severe AS, cardiogenic shock, and failed or aborted cases were excluded. We compared patients with mild-to-moderate AS (n = 30) to those without AS (n = 208).

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) within 24 h (SpO₂ ≤ 90% ≥ 30 min or need for O₂/NIV/IMV, adjudicated as cardiogenic).

Post-procedural in-hospital mortality, acute kidney injury, hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day rate of heart failure hospitalization (HFH), and 30-day rate of all-cause readmission. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of AHRF, hospital LOS, and 30-day HFH.

Following M-TEER, the mild-to-moderate AS group experienced significantly higher rates of AHRF (16.7% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.0142; adjusted OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.36-14.61, p = 0.014). Within the parsimonious adjusted model, AS remained independently associated with AHRF, whereas the other included covariates were not. There was no significant difference in the 30-day rate of all-cause readmission, 30-day rate of HFH, AKI, LOS, or in-hospital mortality between groups.

In patients undergoing M-TEER, the presence of mild-to-moderate AS is independently associated with an increased risk of early post-procedural AHRF, without differences in other short-term clinical outcomes. Given the single-center retrospective design and the limited number of clinical events, these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and warrant validation in larger, prospective, multicenter studies.