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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
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Gabapentinoids for Upper Airway Surgery Pain Management: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Andrew Stephen Franklin1, Chad Alexander Nieri2, Meghana Chowdhary Chanamolu1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis Tennessee USA.

Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Gabapentinoids effectively reduce postoperative pain and opioid use in patients after upper airway surgery (UAS). This systematic review found significant benefits, supporting their perioperative use for better pain management.

Keywords:
adenotonsillectomygabapentinopioidspainpregabalinseptoplastyupper airway surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology and Pain Management
  • Surgical Outcomes Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Upper airway surgery (UAS) often involves significant postoperative pain.
  • Effective pain management strategies are crucial for patient recovery and satisfaction.
  • Gabapentinoids are a class of drugs explored for their analgesic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of gabapentinoids in managing pain after UAS.
  • To assess the potential adverse effects associated with gabapentinoid use in this patient population.
  • To evaluate the impact of gabapentinoids on postoperative opioid consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from June 2002 to August 2024.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment using a two-reviewer blinded process and NIH tools.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-one studies involving 828 patients treated with gabapentinoids were included.
  • Gabapentinoids significantly reduced pain scores at 0-2 and 16-24 hours postoperatively.
  • A decrease in opioid consumption and an increase in time to first analgesia were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Perioperative use of gabapentinoids is supported for reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in UAS.
  • Future research should focus on larger cohorts with standardized protocols for optimal evidence generation.
  • Further investigation into timing, dosing, objective measurements, and blinding is recommended.