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Functionalization of Photocrosslinkable GelMA Hydrogel With Metal Oxides for Direct Pulp Capping.

Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini1, Ligia Espoliar Corrêa2, Fernanda Balestrero Cassiano2

  • 1Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, usp.br.

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Summary

This study developed functionalized methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels for dentin regeneration. Specific metal oxides, like magnesium oxide, significantly enhanced odontoblastic differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition for direct pulp capping.

Keywords:
GelMAdirect pulp cappinghydrogelmetal oxidesmineralized matrixstem cells from apical papilla

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Direct pulp capping aims to preserve pulp vitality and induce reparative dentinogenesis.
  • Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels offer a promising scaffold for tissue regeneration.
  • Incorporating metal oxides can enhance hydrogel bioactivity and therapeutic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate photocrosslinkable GelMA hydrogels functionalized with metal oxides (MgO, SiO2, SrO, ZnO) for dentin regeneration.
  • To assess the cytotoxicity and odontogenic potential of these functionalized hydrogels using human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs).
  • To investigate the physicochemical properties and ion release kinetics of the optimized biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Metal oxides (MgO, SiO2, SrO, ZnO) were incorporated into GelMA at various concentrations.
  • Cytotoxicity assays were performed on SCAPs.
  • Odontogenic potential was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized matrix deposition.
  • Physicochemical characterization included microstructure analysis and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
  • In vitro ion release was monitored over 14 days.

Main Results:

  • ZnO exhibited cytotoxicity, while MgO, SiO2, and SrO (at specific concentrations) showed excellent bioactivity and enhanced SCAP proliferation.
  • Significant increases in ALP activity and mineralized matrix deposition were observed, particularly with MgO 0.05%, MgO 0.025%, and SrO 0.075%.
  • The functionalized hydrogels displayed a porous microstructure and sustained release of oxide-derived species, with FTIR confirming ion complexation within the GelMA structure.

Conclusions:

  • GelMA functionalized with specific concentrations of MgO, SiO2, and SrO promotes odontoblastic differentiation and reparative dentin formation.
  • These optimized biomaterials show significant potential for direct pulp capping applications, enhancing reparative dentinogenesis.
  • The developed functionalized hydrogels represent a promising strategy for advanced dental regenerative therapies.