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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Transition-metal fluorides (TMFs) are explored as lithium-ion battery cathodes, with iron-based systems being prominent.
  • Common TMF cathodes face challenges like slow kinetics and electrolyte issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate chromium (Cr) as a novel transition metal for TMF cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries.
  • To address limitations of existing TMF cathodes using a thin-film solid-state platform.

Main Methods:

  • Coevaporation of chromium and lithium fluoride (LiF) to create heterogeneous Cr-LiF thin films.
  • Electrochemical cycling, capacity, and energy density measurements.
  • First-principles calculations to identify the delithiated phase.

Main Results:

  • Cr-LiF thin films achieved an initial capacity of 435 mAh/g and energy density of 0.71 Wh/g at C/10.
  • CrF2 identified as the dominant delithiated phase.
  • Sustained capacity of 208 mAh/g at 1C and 5C after 1500 cycles, outperforming Fe-LiF analogs in rate capability.

Conclusions:

  • Chromium fluorides represent a new class of high-energy conversion cathodes for batteries.
  • The thin-film solid-state approach effectively mitigates TMF cathode shortcomings.
  • Cr-LiF expands the range of viable positive electrode materials for advanced battery technologies.