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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Correction: Kuc et al. Tension-Dominant Orthodontic Loading and Buccal Periodontal Phenotype Preservation: An Integrative Mechanobiological Model Supported by FEM and a Proof-of-Concept CBCT. <i>J. Funct. Biomater.</i> 2026, <i>17</i>, 47.

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Protein-Encoding Chemically Modified mRNAs for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration and Repair.

Britney S Force1, Xueqin Gao1, Johnny Huard1

  • 1Linda and Mitch Hart Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA.

Journal of Functional Biomaterials
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) shows promise for repairing musculoskeletal tissues like bone and cartilage. Localized delivery of cmRNA encoding growth factors enhances tissue regeneration in preclinical models, but further research is needed for clinical application.

Keywords:
biomaterialsbonecartilagechemically modified protein-encoding mRNAintervertebral discskeletal muscletendon

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In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal disorders are common, affecting bone, cartilage, tendons, and muscles.
  • Causes include trauma, degeneration, and congenital issues.
  • Current treatments have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration using chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA).
  • To summarize preclinical findings on cmRNA-based therapies for bone, tendon, cartilage, disc, and muscle repair.
  • To discuss the pros and cons of cmRNA for orthopedic regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies on localized cmRNA delivery.
  • Analysis of cmRNA encoding growth factors (e.g., BMP-2, VEGF) and transcriptional regulators (e.g., Runx1).
  • Evaluation of therapeutic effects in various animal models.

Main Results:

  • cmRNA delivery demonstrated beneficial effects on bone, tendon, cartilage, and muscle repair.
  • Specific growth factors and regulators showed efficacy in preclinical models.
  • Advantages and disadvantages of cmRNA application were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • cmRNA holds significant therapeutic potential for orthopedic tissue regeneration.
  • Optimization of growth factors and delivery systems is crucial.
  • Further research on long-term safety and efficacy is required for clinical translation.