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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used but have significant side effects due to poor selectivity.
  • Current NSAIDs inhibit both inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and constitutive COX-2/COX-1, leading to adverse effects in healthy tissues.
  • Targeting COX-2 selectively at inflammation sites is crucial for safer and more effective anti-inflammatory therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize photoswitchable NSAIDs with COX-2 selectivity and light-controlled activity.
  • To enable spatiotemporal confinement of therapeutic effects specifically at inflamed tissues.
  • To develop a new class of anti-inflammatory agents with improved safety profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Computational design and screening of azoaromatic derivatives of celecoxib.
  • Synthesis of three photoswitchable NSAID analogues exhibiting reversible trans-cis photoconversion.
  • In vitro evaluation of light-controlled COX-2 inhibition and in vivo efficacy testing in a zebrafish inflammation model.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized photoswitchable NSAIDs demonstrated reversible and efficient trans-cis photoconversion.
  • Compounds showed light-controlled and selective COX-2 inhibition in vitro, with up to 5-fold potency enhancement.
  • The lead candidate reduced leukocyte recruitment in vivo in a zebrafish model of acute inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Photoswitchable NSAIDs offer a promising strategy for targeted inflammation treatment.
  • Light-induced activation allows for spatiotemporal control, potentially minimizing off-target side effects.
  • This approach represents a significant advancement over conventional NSAIDs for inflammatory conditions and cancer therapy.