Pulmonary Endometriosis Successfully Treated with Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation: Report of Two Cases

Pulmonary endometriosis (PE) is an unusual cause of catamenial hemoptysis, with only a small proportion of endometriosis cases involving the thorax. Standard management often involves surgical resection combined with hormonal therapy; however, recurrence rates remain high and long-term hormonal suppression can be challenging for patients. Multiple thoracic surgical interventions may be required for these patients during their reproductive age. A more minimally interventional alternative to surgery is expected, especially for those who would like to preserve lung function and warrant quality of life.

We report two PE cases diagnosed clinically based on periodical hemoptysis and radiological changes relevant to menstrual cycles. Both patients were successfully treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), with complete resolution of cyclical hemoptysis and an over 3-year symptom-free follow-up.

Percutaneous RFA may be a promising alternative to surgical resection for solitary PE lesions and could serve as part of a multidisciplinary management strategy for endometriosis, especially in young patients at risk of recurrence who wish to preserve lung function and maintain quality of life.