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Updated: May 2, 2026
Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
Published on: September 5, 2018
'Aryldiazonium-based surface functionalization enhances the bond strength between PMMA and cobalt-chromium or carbon
Evelina Haroyan-Darbinyan1, María Antonia Rivero González1, Alicia Celemin-Viñuela1
1Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Conservative & Prosthetic Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (U.C.M.), Pza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Objectives:
This laboratory study investigated the effect of aryldiazonium-based surface functionalization on the tensile bond strength (TBS) between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) or carbon fiber (CF) prosthetic framework materials.
Methods:
Forty specimens were fabricated and allocated into four groups (n = 10): Co-Cr treated with metal primer (AC), diazonium-grafted Co-Cr (DC), CF treated with bonding resin (FA), and diazonium-modified CF (FD). Specimens were thermocycled (5000 cycles; 5-55 °C; dwell time: 30 s) and subjected to tensile bond strength testing using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were analysed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05).
Results:
The AC group exhibited the significantly lowest TBS values in the study (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed among DC, FA, and FD groups (p > 0.05). Diazonium-treated specimens predominantly showed cohesive or mixed failure patterns, whereas adhesive failures were prevalent in the metal-primer group CONCLUSIONS: The use of diazonium salts as surface primers may increase the bond strength of prosthetic framework materials such as Co-Cr or carbon fiber to acrylic resin.
Clinical Significance:
Aryldiazonium surface functionalization may improve the bonding performance of PMMA to both metallic and carbon fiber frameworks, representing a promising strategy for enhancing the durability of prosthetic framework-resin interfaces.
