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Aging increases orbitofrontal neural volatility during affective inference.

Gargi Majumdar1,2, Fahd Yazin1,3, Arpan Banerjee1

  • 1Cognitive Brain Dynamics Lab, National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Manesar, Gurugram 122052, India.

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|April 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural volatility in the orbitofrontal cortex, measured via blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal, offers insights into aging. Older adults show increased volatility, linked to altered affective experiences and heightened uncertainty.

Keywords:
Bayesian inferenceaffective experienceagingneural volatilityorbitofrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal stability and volatility are key to understanding aging.
  • Neural fluctuations during naturalistic tasks may better characterize aging trajectories than traditional measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how neural volatility in brain regions, specifically the orbitofrontal cortex, changes with aging.
  • To explore the relationship between orbitofrontal cortex volatility and affective experiences in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking neural fluctuations using blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals during naturalistic tasks.
  • Employing neural latent state analysis and a Bayesian learning model of valence dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibit higher BOLD signal variability in orbitofrontal cortices compared to younger adults.
  • Orbitofrontal cortex representations are more temporally distorted in older adults, correlating with affective experiences.
  • Lower orbitofrontal cortex variability is associated with a bias toward positive responses and heightened uncertainty in affective state estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Neural volatility in the orbitofrontal cortex provides unique insights into older adults' affective experiences and cognitive processes.
  • Naturalistic neuroimaging approaches, focusing on neural volatility, can advance the understanding of aging.