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Anesthetic Management of Acute Right Tension Pneumothorax in a Child With Left Main Bronchial Foreign Body: A Case

Kun Yue1, Xuewu Ji1, Yingying Sun1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital Hefei Anhui Province China.

Clinical Case Reports
|May 1, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Foreign body aspiration in children can cause lung injury with positive pressure ventilation. Prompt assessment and decompression are vital for managing hypoxemia and hypotension.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Complete unilateral main bronchial obstruction in children poses significant risks.
  • Positive pressure ventilation can lead to contralateral lung overdistension and barotrauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential complications of positive pressure ventilation in pediatric bronchial obstruction.
  • To emphasize the importance of rapid clinical assessment and intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case review and analysis of pediatric patients with foreign body aspiration.
  • Review of diagnostic tools including lung ultrasound.
  • Evaluation of management strategies for respiratory compromise.

Main Results:

  • Positive pressure ventilation can cause barotrauma and tension pneumothorax in the contralateral lung.
  • Sudden hypoxemia and hypotension are critical indicators of severe complications.

Conclusions:

  • Immediate clinical assessment, including lung ultrasound, is crucial for diagnosing complications.
  • Prompt decompression is essential for managing tension pneumothorax and improving outcomes in pediatric foreign body aspiration.

Keywords:
case reportforeign body aspirationpediatric anesthesiapoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS)rigid bronchoscopytension pneumothorax

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