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Fiber-Based Hydrogels for Designing Viscoelastic Responses in Particle-Based Biomaterials That Support Embedded 3D

M Gregory Grewal1, Emily Ferrarese1, Lauren Porter2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 385 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|May 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fiber-based hydrogels offer enhanced control over viscoelastic properties and enable embedded printing for complex biomaterial scaffolds. These materials demonstrate improved stress relaxation and dynamic interfiber interactions compared to spherical microparticle hydrogels.

Keywords:
dynamic materialsembedded printinggranular hydrogelsmicrofibersparticle-based hydrogelsstress relaxation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Viscoelastic biomaterials are crucial for physiological studies and scaffold design.
  • Particle-based hydrogels allow viscoelasticity engineering via microparticle design and processing.
  • Non-cross-linked particles can relieve stress, aiding dynamic processes like bioprinting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how fiber hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) influence material properties compared to spherical HMPs.
  • To explore the impact of increased length scales and long-range interactions in fiber-based hydrogels.
  • To assess the potential of fiber-based hydrogels for embedded printing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of particle-based hydrogels using high-aspect-ratio microfiber components (aspect ratio ~15:1).
  • Characterization of viscoelastic properties, including shear-thinning and self-healing behaviors.
  • Evaluation of stress relaxation dynamics and packing density dependence.
  • Assessment of embedded printing capabilities for creating perfusable channels.

Main Results:

  • Fiber-based hydrogels exhibit viscoelasticity, shear-thinning, and self-healing properties, similar to spherical HMP hydrogels.
  • Fiber-based systems provide enhanced control over stress relaxation times (T1/2 ~ 1-100+ s) across various strains (σ ~ 2.5%-50%) in a packing density-dependent manner.
  • Fiber-based hydrogels demonstrated continuous and greater stress relaxation at low strains compared to spherical HMP systems.
  • Dynamic interfiber interactions facilitated embedded printing of perfusable channels within the hydrogel matrix.

Conclusions:

  • Fiber-based hydrogels offer superior control over viscoelastic properties and stress relaxation compared to spherical HMP hydrogels.
  • The long-range interactions of microfiber components enable unique material behaviors and processing capabilities.
  • Fiber-based hydrogels are promising for designing advanced biomaterial scaffolds and creating complex 3D structures via embedded printing.