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    Researchers created stable microfluidic channels within granular hydrogels for microphysiological systems (MPSs). This enables precise control over soluble gradients, advancing synthetic biomaterial design for tissue engineering applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Engineering
    • Microfluidics
    • Tissue Engineering

    Background:

    • Microphysiological systems (MPSs) often utilize bioactive natural hydrogels, but synthetic hydrogels offer tunable properties.
    • Synthetic hydrogels typically lack bioactivity and require molecular design for dynamic cellular behaviors.
    • Granular hydrogels provide inherent permissiveness but lack stable channels for fluid perfusion in MPSs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To engineer stable microfluidic channels within granular hydrogels for controlled perfusion.
    • To enable spatiotemporal control of soluble signals within a synthetic granular hydrogel environment.
    • To integrate 3D printing for customized hydrogel system fabrication.

    Main Methods:

    • Spatially controlled interparticle crosslinking to form stable channels within granular hydrogels.
    • Selective crosslinking to maintain uncrosslinked microparticles between channels.
    • Utilizing fluorescently tagged molecules to visualize soluble gradients.
    • Embedding 3D printing processes for material composition control.

    Main Results:

    • Formation of stable microfluidic channels within granular hydrogels.
    • Demonstrated spatiotemporal control of soluble gradients between channels.
    • Successful integration of 3D printing for system fabrication.
    • Maintained granular hydrogel properties without interparticle crosslinking.

    Conclusions:

    • Established microfluidic channels in granular hydrogels via selective crosslinking.
    • Enabled precise control over soluble signals for advanced MPS development.
    • Integrated 3D printing compatibility for versatile hydrogel system engineering.
    • Paved the way for synthetic hydrogels with unique dynamic properties in MPSs.