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  3. Geometry-aware Phase Compensation For Sampling-efficient Angular Spectrum Method.
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  3. Geometry-aware Phase Compensation For Sampling-efficient Angular Spectrum Method.

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Geometry-aware phase compensation for sampling-efficient angular spectrum method.

Yong Guk Kang, Donggeon Bae, Jaewoo Jung

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    |May 4, 2026

    View abstract on PubMed

    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new wave optical modeling framework, the geometry-aware, phase-compensated angular spectrum method (GAPC-ASM), for efficient design of complex optical systems. This method significantly reduces computational demands for thick refractive and diffractive elements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Computational Electromagnetics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Conventional angular spectrum method (ASM) has limitations in modeling thick optical systems due to dense grid requirements.
    • Scalability issues arise in ASM for wide-angle and large-aperture optical configurations.
    • Accurate modeling of thick refractive and diffractive elements is crucial for advanced optical design.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce an efficient wave optical modeling framework for thick refractive and diffractive systems.
    • To overcome the computational bottlenecks of conventional ASM.
    • To enable gradient-based inverse design for complex optical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a geometry-aware, phase-compensated angular spectrum method (GAPC-ASM).
  • Unified carrier frequency shifting and global phase compensation.
  • Introduced a local phase compensation mechanism for geometry-dependent path length variations.

    • Main Results:

    • GAPC-ASM enables single-slice modeling of thickness-induced geometrical distortion.
    • Significantly reduced axial sampling requirements in multi-slice ASM.
    • Demonstrated efficiency, differentiability, and suitability for inverse design.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed GAPC-ASM framework is a reliable and physically consistent tool for wave optical design.
    • Validated through inverse design of lenses and fabrication of a freeform phase mask.
    • The fabricated mask improved lensless imaging reconstruction quality, matching simulations.