Lactylation-Associated Immune Metabolic Reprogramming Identifies S100A2 and S100A14 as Candidate Diagnostic...

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genomics
• Immunology

Background:

• Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major cause of irreversible blindness globally.
• POAG is characterized by optic nerve damage and molecular diversity.
• Metabolic and immune factors are implicated in POAG, but regulatory networks and biomarkers are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for POAG.
• To explore the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks in POAG pathogenesis.
• To investigate the role of immune and metabolic dysregulation in POAG.

Main Methods:

• Integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data from trabecular meshwork tissues.
• Differential gene expression analysis and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA).
• Machine learning for biomarker identification and immune cell infiltration analysis.

Main Results:

• Identified 195 differentially expressed genes in POAG samples.
• Discovered a lactylation-related gene module associated with POAG.
• Selected S100A2 and S100A14 as candidate diagnostic biomarkers with high classification accuracy.
• Revealed alterations in the POAG immune microenvironment.

Conclusions:

• S100A2 and S100A14 are prioritized as promising diagnostic biomarkers for POAG.
• The findings suggest a link between immune-metabolic regulatory mechanisms and POAG.
• This study provides insights into the molecular basis of POAG and potential diagnostic strategies.