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Development and Validation of the Athlete Food Insecurity Scale (AFIS).

Gonca Yıldırım1,2, Önder Sünbül3, Murat Baş1,4

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye.

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Summary

Researchers developed and validated the Athlete Food Insecurity Scale (AFIS) to measure food insecurity in athletes. This sport-specific tool shows strong psychometric properties for identifying and monitoring athlete food insecurity.

Keywords:
athletesfood accesspsychometricssports nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Nutrition
  • Psychometrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Athletes face unique dietary demands due to sport-specific physiological needs.
  • Disrupted food access can disproportionately affect athletes compared to the general population.
  • A validated tool is needed to assess food insecurity specifically within athletic populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Athlete Food Insecurity Scale (AFIS).
  • To create a sport-specific instrument for measuring food insecurity in athletes.
  • To ensure the scale possesses robust psychometric properties for reliable assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 23-item scale (AFIS) with a sample of 500 young adult athletes across 18 sports.
  • Employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for scale validation.
  • Assessed content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, and reliability.

Main Results:

  • The AFIS demonstrated a reliable four-factor structure: performance changes, coping strategies, nutritional needs, and access restraints.
  • Factor loadings (0.344–0.956) and item-total correlations (0.513–0.781) indicated strong construct validity.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis supported the model (χ²/df = 2.41, RMSEA = 0.080), and Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.827 to 0.937, confirming reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The Athlete Food Insecurity Scale (AFIS) is a psychometrically sound instrument.
  • AFIS effectively measures sport-specific food insecurity in athletes.
  • The scale can be utilized for identifying and monitoring food insecurity within athletic populations.