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Municipal incentive programs encourage healthier behaviors through points and vouchers. Long-term engagement in Japan stems from habit formation, health improvements, and community connection, not just rewards.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading global cause of death, with physical inactivity as a major modifiable risk factor.
  • Japan faces high NCD mortality and low physical activity rates, leading to municipal incentive programs for healthier behaviors.
  • Long-term motivations and experiences with these programs remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the long-term experiences and motivations of participants in a municipal health incentive program in Japan.
  • To understand factors sustaining engagement beyond initial rewards.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Nakasatsunai Village, Hokkaido, Japan.
  • Data were collected through 17 individual and one focus group interviews with 21 participants in the Health Point Project.
  • Inductive content analysis with co-author review and member checking was used.

Main Results:

  • Participants' sustained involvement was driven by habit formation, perceived health benefits, social interaction, and a sense of community.
  • Initial motivation was linked to incentives, but long-term engagement was sustained by intrinsic factors and social connections.
  • Key themes included looking forward to benefits, environmental encouragement, habit adoption, peer inspiration, and community belonging.

Conclusions:

  • Municipal incentive programs can foster sustained health behaviors by integrating social interaction and community building alongside financial incentives.
  • These programs have the potential to improve both individual health behaviors and overall social well-being.
  • Designing programs that promote personal connection and community belonging is crucial for long-term success in health promotion.