Gate-Tunable Spectral Fingerprint Enhancement in Heterojunction Devices via Multi-Interface Synergistic Modulation

Computational spectrometers based on two-dimensional materials offer a promising route to overcoming the size-resolution trade-off of conventional spectrometers. However, current approaches often rely on specific intrinsic material effects, limiting their design flexibility and general applicability for multifunctional integration. Here, we propose a universal strategy that utilizes multi-interface synergistic modulation to convert the nonideal and asymmetric Schottky barrier into a programmable spectral filter. This mechanism generates a set of distinct spectral response functions within a single device, enhancing the uncorrelation of the response matrix by a factor of 5.8. Consequently, the wavelength accuracy is significantly improved 7-fold from 2.25 to 0.32 nm at a 3 nm spectral resolution. Furthermore, the universality of this strategy is validated across Type-I to Type-III heterojunctions, and its applicability is evidenced in practical olive oil compositional identification. These results establish a universal route toward ultracompact, high-precision on-chip spectrometers with broad design flexibility.