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Elucidating superoxide dismutase interactions with whey protein isolate using multi-spectroscopy, deep learning, and
Yang Zhao1, Kun Chen1, Haoda Zhao1
1College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key laboratory for Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
Whey protein isolate enhances the thermal stability of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by forming complexes. This breakthrough improves SOD
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Biochemistry
- Protein Chemistry
Background:
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) possesses antioxidant properties valuable for sports drinks.
- The thermal lability of SOD limits its use in high-protein formulations.
- Enhancing SOD's stability is crucial for its application in functional foods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) on the thermal stability of SOD.
- To elucidate the binding mechanism and structural basis for SOD stabilization by WPI.
- To provide a strategy for developing stable antioxidant sports beverages.
Main Methods:
- Formation of WPI-SOD complexes at various ratios.
- Thermal stability assays at 80°C.
- Multispectroscopic analyses (UV-Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism).
- Langmuir binding model analysis.
- Deep learning and molecular simulations.
Main Results:
- A WPI:SOD ratio of 5:1 significantly improved SOD's half-life at 80°C by 34.6%.
- SOD binds noncovalently and specifically to WPI, following Langmuir kinetics.
- Deep learning and simulations revealed stable SOD-β-lactoglobulin tetramers stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
Conclusions:
- Whey protein isolate effectively enhances the thermal stability of superoxide dismutase.
- The stabilization mechanism involves the formation of stable protein-protein complexes.
- This research offers a viable approach for creating robust, antioxidant-rich sports beverages.
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