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Experimental Investigation of the Hierarchical Control in DC Microgrids Using a Real-time Simulator
Published on: February 14, 2025
Stochastic optimization framework for microgrid energy management integrating electric vehicles, renewable sources,
Ziad M Ali1, Mostafa H Mostafa2
1Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11991, Wadi Addawaser, Saudi Arabia. z.ali@psau.edu.sa.
Scientific Reports
|May 6, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a stochastic energy management framework for microgrids with electric vehicles and renewables. Coordinated battery storage significantly cuts costs and improves grid stability.
Area of Science:
- Electrical Engineering
- Energy Systems
- Optimization
Background:
- Rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable distributed generators (DGs) introduces uncertainty in microgrid (MG) operations.
- Integrating diverse energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind turbines (WTs), battery storage (BS), and EV charging stations complicates energy management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a stochastic energy management (SEM) framework for grid-connected microgrids with high penetration of EVs and renewables.
- To address uncertainties in renewable generation, load demand, and electricity prices.
Main Methods:
- Data-driven probabilistic scenario generation using probability density functions and roulette-wheel sampling.
- Fast-forward scenario reduction technique.
- Formulation of the optimization problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model.
- Testing on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system.
Main Results:
- Coordinated battery storage operation significantly enhances microgrid performance.
- Optimized scheduling reduces operational costs by approximately 16.26% compared to scenarios without storage.
- Battery integration improves voltage profiles, reduces system losses during peak demand, and lowers maximum transformer loading from 3.69 MW to 2.96 MW.
Conclusions:
- Explicitly modeling operational uncertainty is crucial for reliable microgrid management.
- Stochastic optimization offers cost-effective energy management strategies for complex microgrids.
- Battery storage is vital for mitigating challenges posed by high renewable and EV integration.
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