CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSONALIZED NUTRITION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Personalized nutrition is increasingly considered a component of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management; however, its clinical relevance and reproducibility outside controlled settings remain uncertain.

To evaluate the effectiveness of personalized nutritional interventions compared with standard dietary recommendations in adults with T2DM.

A systematic review of studies published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Original clinical studies evaluating personalized or digital nutritional interventions in adults with T2DM were included. Primary outcomes were postprandial glycemia and glycemic variability; secondary outcomes included HbA1c, body weight, and adherence. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a qualitative synthesis was performed. Ten publications representing seven independent research projects were included.

Most studies reported short-term reductions in postprandial glucose excursions and, in some cases, glycemic variability. HbA1c reductions were modest and heterogeneous, primarily observed in individuals with poor baseline glycemic control. No consistent effects on body weight were identified. Observed outcomes were strongly influenced by adherence, intensity of supervision, and concurrent pharmacotherapy, with variability and attenuation of effects in real-world settings.

Personalized nutrition in T2DM is associated with short-term improvements in selected metabolic parameters, particularly postprandial glycemia. However, available data do not provide sufficient evidence of independent effects. Taken together, randomized trials suggest short-term metabolic improvements; however, the approach appears more appropriate as a supportive strategy within structured care rather than a standalone therapeutic modality.