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The ZmRACK1-ZmCDPK7-ZmAPX1 module regulates plant antiviral immunity
Yuyang Zhang1, Niannian Li1, Qiongqiong Wang1,2
1College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|May 11, 2026
Summary
A novel maize protein complex involving ZmCDPK7 and ZmAPX1 enhances plant immunity against viruses. This discovery offers new targets for genetically controlling maize viral diseases and improving crop resilience.
Area of Science:
- Plant molecular biology
- Plant pathology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are vital for plant stress responses.
- The specific role of CDPKs in plant antiviral immunity is not well understood.
- Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) poses a significant threat to maize production.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanism of CDPKs in maize antiviral immunity.
- To identify key proteins involved in maize defense against MCMV.
- To explore potential targets for genetic improvement of maize disease resistance.
Main Methods:
- Gene expression analysis (overexpression and knockout lines).
- Protein-protein interaction studies (co-immunoprecipitation).
- Enzyme activity assays and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement.
- CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.
- Virus infection assays.
Main Results:
- ZmCDPK7 positively regulates maize immunity against MCMV, with overexpression enhancing resistance and knockout increasing sensitivity.
- ZmCDPK7 phosphorylates ZmAPX1, boosting its activity and reducing ROS.
- The scaffold protein ZmRACK1 facilitates a ternary complex (ZmRACK1-ZmCDPK7-ZmAPX1) that enhances ZmAPX1 activity.
- MCMV protein P31 disrupts this complex, inhibiting plant defense.
- ZmCDPK7 also contributes to defense against drought and stalk rot.
Conclusions:
- The ZmRACK1-ZmCDPK7-ZmAPX1 module is a critical regulator of maize antiviral immunity.
- MCMV P31 antagonizes this module to facilitate infection.
- This pathway represents a promising target for developing disease-resistant maize varieties.
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