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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation

Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about insulin...
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis01:24

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis

The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Nursing Implementation01:15

Nursing Implementation

Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
The five steps to implementing effective nursing care include reassessing the patient, reviewing and revising the existing nursing care plan, organizing the resources and care delivery, anticipating and preventing complications, and implementing nursing interventions.
Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions01:29

Nursing Interventions II: Selecting and Classifying the Nursing Interventions

Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on a patient's physical evaluation and support measuring the outcomes. It is not recommended to select random interventions throughout the planning process. Instead, consider the following six essential factors when choosing interventions:
Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing01:23

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Published on: September 11, 2021

Teaching the ICF or using the ICF to teach? Lessons from first-time clinical practice.

Ilse du Plessis1, Lunelle Pienaar2, Heather Talberg1

  • 1Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

The South African Journal of Physiotherapy
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Physiotherapy students showed increased understanding and confidence in applying the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) after early clinical placements. This suggests the ICF framework enhances holistic clinical reasoning in physiotherapy education.

Keywords:
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthclinical reasoningearly clinical placementspatient-centred carephysiotherapy educationundergraduate students

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Published on: February 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Physiotherapy Education
  • Clinical Reasoning
  • Biopsychosocial Frameworks

Background:

  • Clinical education is crucial for physiotherapy training, but students often lack holistic clinical reasoning skills upon entering placements.
  • The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a biopsychosocial framework, yet its integration into early clinical education is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate second-year physiotherapy students' self-reported understanding and application of the ICF.
  • To assess the impact of a redesigned clinical course with early clinical exposure on ICF utilization.

Main Methods:

  • A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted.
  • 106 second-year physiotherapy students from a South African university completed a self-developed survey assessing ICF understanding and application.
  • Descriptive statistics were used to analyze perceived understanding and confidence levels.

Main Results:

  • Students reported a significant improvement in perceived ICF understanding post-placement (mean increase from 6 to 9).
  • Confidence in applying the ICF was notably high among students (mean = 8).
  • A response rate of 76.9% (106 out of 138 eligible students) was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Early clinical exposure structured around the ICF framework can foster holistic clinical reasoning.
  • Integrating the ICF into early physiotherapy placements may enhance patient-centered clinical reasoning skills and move beyond impairment-focused approaches.