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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

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Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
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PFAS Screening in Soil by Combustion Gas Analysis with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Junli Wang1, Jordyn Dashiell1, Diego Castellano1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0258, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new combustion-gas method allows for rapid, field-deployable screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil. This approach distinguishes PFAS from inorganic fluorine, overcoming a key analytical challenge for site characterization.

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Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils
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Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Published on: August 26, 2016

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Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils
10:03

Extraction and Analysis of Microbial Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Soils

Published on: August 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Existing methods for total per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detection are often unsuitable for rapid site characterization.
  • Inorganic fluorine interference presents a significant challenge in accurately quantifying total PFAS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, robust, and field-deployable analytical method for screening PFAS in soil.
  • To overcome the interference of inorganic fluorine in total PFAS analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A combustion-gas analytical approach was developed, converting PFAS to SiF4 and HF, while inorganic fluorine yields only HF.
  • Selective quantification of SiF4 by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed.
  • Soil samples were extracted with basic methanol to minimize inorganic fluorine interference and enable semiquantitative detection.

Main Results:

  • The method successfully distinguished between PFAS and inorganic fluorine by selectively quantifying SiF4.
  • Method detection limits for three PFAS ranged from 13 to 16 μgPFAS/gsoil.
  • Relative standard deviations were 34-47% near the detection limit, indicating suitability as a screening tool.

Conclusions:

  • The developed combustion-gas method offers a promising tool for direct PFAS screening at contaminated sites.
  • The method's field-deployability and ability to mitigate inorganic fluorine interference are key advantages for rapid site characterization.
  • Further process development is recommended to enhance quantitation capabilities.