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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: September 16, 2017

DynaTOF: Time-Resolved Noncontrast Cerebral MR Angiography Using Spatially Modulated RF Saturation.

Naoyuki Takei1,2, Keita Fujii3, Xucheng Zhu4

  • 1Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|May 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic TOF (DynaTOF) enables noncontrast visualization of cerebrovascular hemodynamics by exploiting RF saturation. This novel method provides time-resolved flow characterization with TOF-like spatial resolution, aiding in the assessment of conditions like arteriovenous malformations.

Keywords:
RF saturationarteriovenous malformationflow dynamicsnoncontrast angiographytime‐of‐flight MRAtime‐resolved 4D MRA

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Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery
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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia
09:59

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Published on: September 16, 2017

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery
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Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Published on: September 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Cerebrovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography is crucial for visualizing cerebrovascular anatomy.
  • Current TOF techniques lack dynamic temporal information, limiting hemodynamic assessment.
  • Noncontrast methods are desirable for reducing risks associated with contrast agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop Dynamic TOF (DynaTOF), a time-resolved extension of 3D TOF MRA.
  • To enable noncontrast visualization of cerebrovascular hemodynamics using intrinsic RF saturation.
  • To assess the feasibility and performance of DynaTOF in healthy volunteers and patients.

Main Methods:

  • DynaTOF implementation involved modulating longitudinal magnetization saturation via flip angle, TR, and slab-selective RF excitation.
  • Deep-learning reconstruction and short-TR protocols ensured scan efficiency.
  • Studies included healthy volunteers (comparison with PASL MRA) and AVM patients (comparison with DSA).

Main Results:

  • DynaTOF demonstrated predictable inflow behavior and agreement with PASL dynamics in healthy subjects.
  • Optimal flip angles varied with slice position for maximizing SNR and CNR.
  • In AVM patients, DynaTOF visualized arterial-to-nidus-to-venous transitions, though venous depiction varied with flow direction.

Conclusions:

  • DynaTOF provides a noninvasive, time-resolved method for characterizing cerebrovascular flow.
  • The technique maintains TOF-like spatial resolution, offering a valuable advancement in MRA.
  • DynaTOF shows promise for clinical applications requiring dynamic hemodynamic assessment.