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The Contractile Ring

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

The Contractile Ring

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

Radial System Protection

Radial System Protection

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In a radial system with a fault downstream of the third breaker, ideally, only the third breaker will open, isolating the fault and interrupting the load connected beyond it. The second breaker has a longer delay setting,...

Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles

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Circular Shafts - Elastoplastic Materials

The study of solid circular shafts under stress shows that within the elastic limit, stress increases directly to the distance from the shaft's center. This relationship holds until the shaft reaches a critical point of stress, beyond which it begins to yield, marking the transition from elastic to plastic deformation. At this crucial juncture, the maximum torque the shaft can endure without permanent deformation is determined, signifying the limit of its elastic behavior.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

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Published on: August 17, 2018

Electrohydraulic Folding Ring Actuators for Radially Contracting Applications.

Gavril Yong En Tan¹, Quan Xiong², Jonathan William Ambrose¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|May 11, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel electrohydraulic folding ring actuator (EFRA) for soft robotics. This compact, lightweight actuator achieves high radial contraction and force output, enabling advanced robotic applications.

Keywords:

bending actuators constricting actuators electrohydraulic actuators folding actuators radially contracting actuators

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

Robotics
Materials Science
Biomimetics

Background:

Soft actuators inspired by biological circular muscles are crucial for advanced robotic functions.
Electrohydraulic actuation offers potential for high-performance radial contraction in compact designs.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and characterize a novel electrohydraulic folding ring actuator (EFRA).
To demonstrate the EFRA's capabilities in robotic manipulation, locomotion, and artificial sphincter applications.

Main Methods:

Design and fabrication of a compact, triangular folding ring actuator.
Electrohydraulic actuation at 7 kV to induce radial contraction.
Performance evaluation including contraction ratio, sustained actuation, and force output.

Main Results:

The EFRA achieved a high contraction ratio of 0.89 sustained over 5 seconds.
The actuator produced significant inward-directed force (∼0.96 N) relative to its low mass (∼25.9 g).
Multiple synchronously bending segments enhanced radial contraction compared to previous designs.

Conclusions:

The EFRA offers high performance in a lightweight and compact form factor.
Its capabilities are suitable for diverse robotic applications requiring radial contraction.
The folding mechanism is key to the actuator's enhanced performance.