Electrochemical Stripping Analysis at Paper-Based (Bio)Sensors: Current State-of-the-Art and Prospects

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry

Background:

• Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are emerging as portable, cost-effective, and disposable sensors for point-of-care and on-site analyses.
• Electrochemical detection is highly compatible with portable instrumentation and offers excellent sensitivity for PAD assays.
• Electrochemical stripping analysis (ESA) is a highly sensitive electroanalytical technique suitable for trace-level detection in environmental, clinical, and food analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a perspective on the current state-of-the-art of paper-based (bio)sensors utilizing electrochemical stripping analysis (ESA).
• To explore the integration of paper as a functional platform with the high sensitivity of ESA for trace analysis.
• To discuss applications, fabrication strategies, and future prospects of this combined technology.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on paper-based analytical devices (PADs) employing electrochemical stripping analysis (ESA).
• Description of the fundamental principles of ESA.
• Illustration of various electrode fabrication and modification techniques for on-paper electrodes.

Main Results:

• Demonstration of the synergistic combination of paper substrates and ESA for sensitive detection.
• Presentation of representative applications in trace metal analysis and biosensing.
• Highlighting the potential of PADs-ESA for diverse analytical challenges.

Conclusions:

• Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) coupled with electrochemical stripping analysis (ESA) represent a powerful analytical tool for trace sensing.
• The technology shows significant promise for environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and food safety.
• Further research is needed to address current limitations and unlock the full potential of PADs-ESA.