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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

PISA: Inflamed Surface Area of Gums Triggering Systemic Hyperinflammation.

Himani1, Shalini Kapoor1, Amit Bhardwaj1

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

Journal of Mid-Life Health
|May 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) better measures gum inflammation than traditional methods. Higher PISA scores link to systemic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia, highlighting periodontitis

Keywords:
InflammationPISAperiodontitissystemic diseasesystemic hyperinflammation

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Periodontology and Oral Medicine
  • Systemic Health
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition leading to periodontal tissue destruction.
  • Traditional clinical metrics like probing depth and attachment loss inadequately reflect the inflammatory burden.
  • The Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) offers a more precise quantification of gingival inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) and various systemic disorders.
  • To explore the link between PISA and cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, dementia, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • To assess the utility of PISA as a marker for systemic inflammation originating from periodontal disease.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating PISA.
  • Analysis of correlations between PISA measurements and systemic inflammatory markers.
  • Examination of PISA's association with specific systemic conditions like Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dementia, and RA.

Main Results:

  • Higher PISA levels correlate with increased systemic inflammatory markers (e.g., hs-CRP) and vascular stiffness.
  • A positive association exists between PISA and HbA1c in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting a dose-response relationship.
  • PISA has demonstrated links to dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetic complications, indicating broader systemic implications.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) is a valuable tool for assessing the systemic impact of periodontitis.
  • Findings support the integration of PISA assessment into comprehensive patient care.
  • Further research is recommended to standardize PISA measurement and application in clinical practice.