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Updated: May 14, 2026

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Published on: November 29, 2018
Cascade Energy-Transfer-Mediated [2 + 2] Cycloaddition/Ring-Expansion Rearrangement of Indole Derivatives via
Peng Zhang1, Sheng Huang1, Yongzhen Yu1
1Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Central Nervous System Product Research and Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
Abstract:
Vinylcyclobutane-based rearrangements hold great potential for molecular reorganization, yet their application in cascade reactions remains largely underexplored. Herein, we report a cascade energy-transfer-catalyzed rearrangement involving vinylcyclobutanes derived from indole frameworks, enabling the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant carbazole derivatives. Mechanistic investigations confirm that the reaction proceeds through a cascade energy-transfer pathway involving sequential excitation of both the starting material and the in situ-generated cyclobutane intermediate. This work offers valuable insights into the design of vinylcyclobutane-based cascade transformations and the construction of architecturally complex polycyclic scaffolds.
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