Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026

Production of Xenopus tropicalis Egg Extracts to Identify Microtubule-associated RNAs
Published on: June 27, 2013
The choreography of development: RNA localization across time and space
Chia-Fang Lee1,2,3, Floyd Rubonal1,2, Debra L Silver1,2,3,4
1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
None:
RNA localization is a conserved mechanism essential for development. By linking transport, anchoring and local translation, cells can achieve precise spatial control of gene expression. This coordinated regulation also allows developing, polarized cells to rapidly translate mRNAs in response to local cues. mRNA localization relies on cis-elements within transcripts, trans-acting RNA-binding proteins and active transport by cytoskeletal motors, vesicles and organelles. Across evolution - from Drosophila to mammals - localized transcripts govern embryonic patterning, cell polarity and fate specification. Within the developing nervous system, polarized radial glia, neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes rely on mRNA localization for morphogenesis and circuit formation. Advances in omics and imaging technologies are shedding light on the function of localized transcriptomes in these different models. This Review highlights discoveries across model systems that collectively reveal diverse RNA localization and local translation mechanisms that orchestrate development across time and space.
Related Concept Videos
Regulated mRNA Transport
Regulated mRNA Transport
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
RNA Structure
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...

