Body representation and prosthetic adjustment in upper limb amputation: Implications for reintegration to normal...

This study aimed to compare explicit and implicit aspects of body representation between upper limb amputees (ULA) and healthy controls, and to examine the relationships among body image, reintegration to normal living (RNL), and prosthetic adjustment in ULA.

A total of 26 ULA and 26 healthy controls were included. Body image was evaluated using the Amputee Body Image Scale-Revised (ABIS-R), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) was used to assess the level of RNL, and the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES) was used to assess the prosthetic adjustment. Laterality judgment and two-point discrimination (TPD) thresholds were assessed in both groups.

Significant correlations in between ABIS-R and TAPES (for all p < 0.05); ABIS-R and RNLI (p < 0.05); and RNLI and TAPES (for all p < 0.01) were identified. In laterality judgment, the accuracy rates of the control group were higher than those of the amputee group (mean difference = 7.94; p = 0.002); the reaction times of the ULA was higher than the control group (mean difference = 661; p < 0.001). Regarding TPD thresholds, the ULA's values were higher than the control group (mean difference = 2.24; p = 0.003); values on the ipsilateral side were higher than the contralateral side (mean difference = 1.51; p < 0.001).

The present study highlights the multidimensional aspect of body representation in ULA and emphasizes the importance of considering both RNL and prosthetic adjustment in their life. Health care professionals may consider implementing measures that would facilitate a deeper relationship between amputees and their bodies, and increasing their social participation.