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Multi-potential laser-induced graphene fluidic paper-based array for in-flow differential analysis of phenolic
Ida Valeria Di Cristoforo1, Flavio Della Pelle2, Annalisa Scroccarello2
1Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" Via R. Balzarini 1, Teramo, 64100, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza Della Vittoria, 15, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
This study introduces a novel paper-based microfluidic device with laser-induced graphene (LIG) sensors for analyzing phenolic compounds in food. The device enables rapid, quantitative classification of food based on electrochemical reactivity patterns.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Integrating laser-induced sensing with paper microfluidics is challenging.
- Laser-induced graphene (LIG) offers promising sensing capabilities.
- Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are cost-effective and portable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an integrated, pump-free paper-based microfluidic device with LIG sensors.
- To enable quantitative determination and classification of phenolic compounds in food.
- To optimize CO2 laser parameters for enhanced LIG sensor performance.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a multichannel-LIG fluidic paper-based analytical device (fLIG-PAD) using a CO2 laser plotter.
- Optimization of CO2 laser parameters for LIG film morphology and charge transfer.
- Electrochemical analysis of phenolic compounds using flow amperometry.
- Correlation of fLIG-PAD results with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).
Main Results:
- The fLIG-PAD successfully differentiated phenolic compounds into four reactivity levels.
- Quantitative analysis of phenolic content in food matrices with high accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.990).
- Simultaneous, continuous measurements with fast signal recovery (≤570 s).
- Food samples were classified based on phenolic profiles, correlating well with HPLC-MS/MS (r = 0.97).
Conclusions:
- The developed fLIG-PAD is a powerful tool for simultaneous analysis and classification of phenolic compounds in food.
- This technology offers a portable, cost-effective solution for food safety and quality assessment.
- The study demonstrates the potential of laser-induced graphene in advanced paper-based analytical devices.
