Reimagining Continuous Professional Development for Physicians in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming medicine by changing how clinicians learn, reason, communicate, and care for patients. Clinician expertise and abilities extend beyond cognition and technical skill to include human capacities like empathy, ethical discernment, moral responsibility, and trust-building with patients. As AI becomes integral to health care, continuing professional development (CPD) is increasingly positioned to support physicians in working effectively with intelligent technology while preserving the human capacities central to medical practice. CPD has long served clinicians by strengthening foundational knowledge and reinforcing standards of care by delivering high-quality, outcome-based education. Various educational models, designed for a pre-AI era, emphasize knowledge acquisition over deeper clinical reasoning. Such reasoning is now increasingly being augmented by AI-clinician collaboration in contemporary practice. CPD can engage AI not only as a topic to study but as an opportunity to reshape how physicians learn, reason, and approach clinical care. This paper introduces the Technical Understanding, Critical Appraisal, and Practical Application × Dual-Axis model, a framework supporting the coevolution of individual and organizational learning for AI-enabled health care. This conceptual framework integrates three domains of AI competency: Technical Understanding, Critical Appraisal, and Practical Application with organizational adoption and implementation strategies that focus on governance, infrastructure, and culture. Linking personal AI literacy and fluency with institutional capabilities creates a foundation for responsible AI in medicine. Reimagining CPD with AI supports clinicians in developing adaptive expertise while remaining clinically competent, ethically grounded, and compassionate while working alongside AI models in a rapidly changing health care environment.