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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Updated: May 21, 2026

Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Scoring Central Nervous System Inflammation, Demyelination, and Axon Injury in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: February 23, 2024

[Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis].

Koichi Hashimoto1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, fatal neurological disease caused by persistent measles virus infection. Vaccination against measles is the only effective preventive measure against SSPE.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a severe, progressive neurological disorder.
  • It results from persistent measles virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS).
  • SSPE follows a prolonged latent period after initial measles infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE).
  • To highlight the pathogenesis, clinical progression, and outcomes of SSPE.
  • To emphasize the importance of measles vaccination for SSPE prevention.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract synthesizes information from existing literature on SSPE.
  • It describes the natural history and clinical characteristics of the disease.
  • It reviews the current understanding of SSPE pathogenesis and treatment limitations.

Main Results:

  • SSPE manifests after a latent period of years to over a decade.
  • Neurological symptoms include progressive cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction.
  • The disease leads to global cerebral dysfunction and is fatal within months to years.

Conclusions:

  • There is currently no effective treatment for Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.
  • Measles virus persistence in the CNS is the underlying cause of SSPE.
  • Measles vaccination remains the sole effective strategy for preventing SSPE.