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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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A synergistic framework for hemodynamics within eccentric vascular constrictions.

Azad Hussain1, Arslan Hassan1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that non-Newtonian blood flow models reveal significant flow dampening and pressure drops in stenosed arteries, crucial for predicting arterial disease.

Keywords:
Carreau modelFinite Element MethodHemodynamicsHomotopy Perturbation Methodarterial stenosiswall shear stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Arterial stenosis significantly alters blood flow hemodynamics.
  • Accurate modeling of non-Newtonian blood flow is essential for understanding cardiovascular diseases.
  • Existing models may not fully capture complex flow behaviors in stenosed arteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze blood flow hemodynamics in tilted ellipsoidal stenosed arteries.
  • To investigate the influence of non-Newtonian fluid properties (Carreau model) on arterial blood flow.
  • To validate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results against analytical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the finite element method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics for simulations.
  • Modeled blood as a non-Newtonian fluid using the Carreau model.
  • Validated FEM solutions with the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM).

Main Results:

  • Simulations under severe stenosis (μ₀ = 0.076 Pa·s) demonstrated critical flow dampening.
  • Peak axial velocities ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 m/s.
  • A significant pressure drop of 15,400 Pa was observed due to disturbed flow patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced rheological models are necessary for precise prediction of arterial disease.
  • Non-Newtonian fluid dynamics play a critical role in the pathophysiology of stenosis.
  • Computational modeling provides valuable insights into hemodynamics under pathological conditions.