From Ultraviolet to Visible Light: Emerging Concepts in Comprehensive Photoprotection

Photoprotection has traditionally focused on ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB and UVA. Recent evidence highlights the significant role of long-wavelength UVA1 (LW-UVA1, 370-400 nm) and visible light (VL; 400-700 nm) in inducing pigmentation, erythema, and photoaging. This review study summarizes recent advances in LW-UVA1 and VL photoprotection and discusses emerging UV-filter formulations, non-filtering protective ingredients (PINGs), personalized photoprotection, skin microbiome, and environmental considerations.

A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar online databases to identify recent studies on LW-UVA1 and VL-related photoprotection. Studies were screened for direct relevance to VL and LW-UVA1 and excluded if not available in English, lacked relevance, or had insufficient methodological detail. This review represents a narrative synthesis without formal systematic quality assessment. Results are summarized.

LW-UVA1 and VL exert synergistic effects on the skin, resulting in erythema and sustained pigmentation. Advances include tinted mineral sunscreens with expanding shade ranges, newer UV filters with broader coverage (e.g., Mexoryl 400, TriAsorB), and oral and topical PINGs to be used as potential adjuncts. Environmental concerns for currently used UV filters persist, however. Skin microbiome has also emerged as a target and potential source for novel photoprotective agents. Personalized photoprotection recommendations now provide an individualized approach, taking skin phototype, lifestyle, and risk profile into consideration.

Photoprotection is expanding to include a broader-spectrum coverage, including LW-UVA1 and VL with new filters, formulations, and adjuncts. These innovations enhance UV protection, but environmental and long-term safety concerns highlight the need for continued research to ensure safe, effective, and inclusive photoprotection.